Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing human, animal, or machine-created environmental noise that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly construction and transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise, and rail noise. Poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution, since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential area. The objective of noise measurement is to make accurate measurement which give us a purposeful act of comparing noises under different conditions for assessment of adverse impacts of noise and adopting suitable control techniques for noise reduction.

Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment, into the atmosphere.

Air monitoring provides raw measurements of air pollutant concentrations and with appropriate analysis and interpretation, these measurements can be transformed into useful information about air quality.